*This article has been updated to reflect the removal of the PIO status as of 9 January 2015. If you currently hold a PIO card, it will be treated as an OCI card. Updates are marked in blue.
For many Indians, moving out of India is a symbol of status. It is a matter of pride for a family to be able to say their son is working in the US and their daughter is in Dubai.
However, Indians who live abroad also work very hard at maintaining a strong connection to India.
This creates trouble for the Indian government in figuring out how to deal with the more than 22 million Indians living in another country. What about land ownership? Voting? Taxation? While many have renounced their Indian citizenship, they still want to be active in India.
There are three terms you should be familiar with that categorize Indians who live abroad: NRI, PIO, and OCI.
The Short Version
NRIs (Non-Resident Indians) are Indian Citizens who live in another country.
PIO (Person of Indian Origin) used to be a 15 year visa for non-Indian citizens, but it has since been removed.
OCIs (Overseas Citizen of India) are non-Indian citizens who have a lifetime visa to live and work in India with fewer restrictions.